B. In the pyramid below circle the food you eat each day.

oil, candy, milk, cheese, ice-cream

egg, meat, fish, chicken

tomato, carrot, onion

apple, orange, banana, quince

rice, bread, spaghetti

Do you think you have a healthy diet? How do you know that?

C. Read the following sentences and use adverbs of frequency (never, sometimes, often, usually, always) to show how often you do them.

1- I work on my computer. I usually work on my computer.

2- I watch TV in the afternoon. I often watch TV in the afternoon.

3- I go out and play with my friends. I often go out and play with my friends.

4- I eat fast food. I never eat fast food.

5- I walk to school. I always walk to school.

C. Compare your answers with your classmates'.

rarely, couch potato, gain weight, depressed, You won!

Sina and Behzad are old friends.

They have not seen each other for about three months.

Behzad has called Sina.

Behzad: Hi Sina. How is it going? I haven't seen you since Norooz.

Sina: Hi Behzad. Thanks for calling. I am home most of the time. I do different things like surfing the net and playing computer games.

Behzad: How about your free time? Going out, jogging, playing football, ... ?

Sina: Nope. I rarely go out and hang out with my friends.

Behzad: I see. Reza and I are going to Darband for climbing and walking this Thursday. We really like to see you. Will you come with us?

Sina: What?! Oh, no, I haven't been there for a long time. I prefer to stay home and watch my movies on the weekend. I've bought lots of things to eat, too.

Behzad: Come on! Stop being a couch potato! I guess you haven't exercised for a long time. I think you are a bit fat now.

Sina: Um... actually, you're right. I've gained five kilos in three months. I really do not like to move!

Behzad: See? I told you. Working with computers for a long time makes people sick and depressed. I've read about this somewhere.

Sina: All right. You won! When and where should we meet?

Answer the following questions orally.

1- What does Sina do at home? He does different things like surfing the net and playing computer games.

2- Is Sina a sportsperson? No, he isn’t.

3- What is your favorite sport? My favorite sport is football.

Have you ever thought of a healthy lifestyle to live longer?

People can do many things to have a healthier life.

Most people have a special diet or do lots of exercise; however, without a careful plan they may hurt themselves.

To have a healthier lifestyle, people need to do certain things.

First they should check their general health.

Measuring blood pressure and heartbeat is the most important thing to do.

They also need to check their family health history.

In this way, they understand if anyone in the family has had a special illness.

Another thing is paying attention to physical health.

For example, eating healthy food helps people live longer and prevents diseases.

Eating junk food makes people gain weight, and increases the risk of heart attack.

Eating balanced servings of bread, vegetables, fruits, protein, and oil is necessary for everyone.

Also, daily exercises improve people's health condition.

An effective way to enjoy a better lifestyle is having healthy relationships with others.

Recent research has shown that a good social life decreases the risk of death.

Sadly, some people do not visit their relatives very often these days.

They are really busy with their work and usually use technology to communicate.

Bad habits and addiction can be harmful to health.

One day of smoking can take around 5 hours away from the smoker's life.

Addiction to technology such as using computers for a long time is also dangerous.

Above all, the most important thing to enjoy a good life is having emotional health.

Praying decreases stress and gives people a calm and balanced life.

People with this lifestyle have had a better life.

There are many other things people can do to live healthier and longer.

The key point, however, is having a plan for the way they want to live and take care of their physical and emotional health.

You can skim a passage to identify the topic and understand the writer's main idea, or message.

When you skim, you can also predict and guess what the reading is about.

Skimming a passage before you fully and carefully read it can help you understand it better.

Follow these steps to skim:

Read the title.

Look at photos.

Read the first and the last lines of each paragraph.

Read quickly. Don't read every word. Details are not important.

Find and write the main idea.

To identify the topic of a passage, ask: What is the passage about?

To identify the main idea of a passage, ask yourself: What are the most important things the writer says about the topic?

A. Read the following sentences. Find each idea in the Reading and then write the number of the paragraph that discusses it.

Having a healthy relationship with others makes our lives better. Paragraph 4.

Addiction is a harmful habit. Paragraph 5

Paying attention to our food is necessary for our physical health. Paragraph 3

B. Skim the Reading. Circle the main idea.

a) Smoking is harmful to health.

b) Having a healthy and long life needs a careful plan. *

c) Praying gives people a healthy life.

C. Scan the Reading to find the following information.

a) What increases the risk of heart attack? Eating junk food makes people gain weight, and increases the risk of heart attack.

b) How can we check our general health? You can cheeck your geneal health with measuring blood pressure and heathbeat.

c) What is the most important factor to have a healthier life? The most important factor for having a healthier life is emotional health.

Prefixes and Suffixes

A prefix is a letter or a group of letters that comes at the beginning of a word.

Each prefix has a meaning. For example:

re- → again → rewrite: write again

un- → not → unimportant: not important

im- → not → impossible: not possible

in- → not → incorrect: not correct

dis- → not/opposite of → dislike: not like

mid- → middle → midday: the middle of the day

A suffix is a letter or a group of letters added to the end of a word to make a different word.

For example, when a suffix changes a verb into a noun, it is a noun maker suffix.

-er → noun maker → write + -er → writer

-or → noun maker → translate + -or → translator.

-ness → noun maker → happy + -ness → happiness.

-ion/-tion/-sion → noun maker → create + -ion → creation.

-ful → adjective maker → use + -ful → useful.

-ous → adjective maker → danger + -ous → dangerous

-y → adjective maker → rain + -y → rainy

al → adjective maker → nature + -al → natural

-ly → adverb maker → slow + -ly → slowly

A. Read the following words. Circle the prefixes:

disagree (dis) / midterm (mid) / uncle / unsafe (un) / read

image / reality / incomplete (in) / disorder (dis) / unfortunately (un)

B. Read the following words. Circle the suffixes.

scanner (er) / powerful (ful) / homeless (less) / paper / replay

invitation (tion) / cultural (al) / famous (ous) / family

C. Read the fourth paragraph of the Reading and find five suffixes:

effective / healthy / sadly / really / usually

D. Look at the nouns. Their adjective forms are given in the Reading.

1. care → careful / 2. health → healthy / 3. danger → dangerous / 4. emotion → emotional

A. Read the following texts.

Technology has influenced the lives of people in this century.

Working with computers and mobile phones has changed people's habits and lifestyles.

Some people use their laptops and especially their mobile phones everywhere for no good reason.

Some of them have not read a book for months.

Some have not visited their relatives for a long time.

Some even have not slept well or have not eaten properly for a long time.

Some of these people have quit good habits like doing daily exercises or attending social events.

They have chosen an unhealthy lifestyle.

To live longer, they need to rethink the way they live, work, and use technology.

Technology has helped the researchers and scientists of our time.

New medicines and medical inventions have saved the lives of many people.

They have let people have a happy life and live longer.

New medicines such as anti-cancer drugs and new antibiotics have cured many patients.

Some technological inventions have helped doctors to check people's health condition.

They have found keys to the secrets of the human body.

New technologies have helped doctors to understand how diseases develop.

They have found ways to fight and stop diseases in their early stages.

Technology, as some people may think, is not a bad thing at all.

The way we use technology, is important.

B. Read the following examples.

He / Samira has started a business.

I have started a business.

You have started a business.

Erfan and Ehsan have started a business.

Amir has written a letter.

I have watched that movie.

Behrooz / she has not / hasn’t forgotten the accident.

I have not / haven’t forgotten the accident.

You have not forgotten the accident.

We have not forgotten the accident.

My friends haven't forgotten the accident.

My mother has not made a cake.

The students haven't finished their homework.

Has he / Maral worked hard?

Have I worked hard?

Have you worked hard?

Have we worked hard?

Have the farmers worked hard?

Have you been to Paris?

Has Mr Ahmadi produced that movie?

C. Tell your teacher how ‘present perfect tense’ is made.

D. Read the Conversation and underline all ‘present perfect verbs’.

have thought, has shown, have had

E. Read the following paragraph and choose the best verb forms.

I am 55 years old now and I am going to retire this week.

When I look back and read the book of my life, I see that I have had a very interesting life.

I was born into a good family.

My father was a teacher and my mother was a nurse.

They always worked very hard and gave me a normal and healthy life.

When I was a kid, I wanted to become a firefighter.

After university, I joined the Fire Service.

I have worked there for 30 years.

It is a really difficult but exciting job.

I worked very hard to become a good firefighter.

I have been in many missions for the past 25 years.

But honestly, I don 't remember how many lives I have saved and how many people I have made happy.

Of course one thing I know for sure: I have enjoyed every minute of my life as a firefighter.

F. Read the following examples.

I've known them since 2008.

We've lived here for 20 years.

He hasn't got a job yet.

Have they ever traveled to Madrid?

G. Pair up and talk about the things you have and have not done.

You may use 'since', 'for', 'yet', or 'ever' in your questions and answers.

Example: I have studied lesson 4.

I haven't done my English homework yet.

1- Have you ever traveled abroad?

No, I haven’t traveled abroad yet.

2- Have you finished your work?

No, I haven’t finished my work yet.

3- Have you been to the new restaurant in town?

Yes, I have been there since it was opened.

4- Have you learned how to play a musical instrument?

No, I haven’t learned how to play a musical instrument yet.

5- Have you been exercising regularly?

Yes, I have been exercising for a month.

Read the following examples.

Check the meaning of the phrasal verbs.

Would you like to leave a message? No, I'll call back later.

Have you checked in? Oh, yes. I am in my room now.

When did you get up? Early in the morning.

Has your father given up smoking? Yes, he knows smoking is harmful to his health.

Did she go to school in Karaj? No, she grew up in Lavasan.

Hurry up! We're late.

Sara looked after us very well. She's an excellent cook.

Turn off the washing machine. It's making too much noise.

James usually wakes up early. But today he's still asleep.

Speaking Strategy